Based on these findings, pathway towards sustainability to promote sustainability science practices at the Langkawi Geopark were established, which include:

• The establishment of a Community Learning Alliances for Sustainability Science (CLA-SS) in Langkawi as education centre
• The identification of four Sustainability Showcases for promoting sustainability science practices in Langkawi Geopark to be coordinated under the umbrella of Langkawi Research centre (LRC) of LESTARI, UKM, which are
  • Local Community participation in Natural Resources Conservation and Management at Kilim Geoforest Park;
  • Water and Environmental Sustainability Practices;
  • Socio-Cultural Heritage Preservation; and
  • Interaction between Local Authority and Local Community in Langkawi Geopark.

These showcases will produce better coordination and integration of local authorities and local communities in Langkawi in order to preserve and conserve water and natural environment of Langkawi Geopark. Such an approach is suggested as the identified water and environmental issues in Langkawi can only be solved through trans-disciplinary approach.

Conclusion and Recommendations

It is concluded that water and environmental sustainability in Langkawi Geopark will be best conserved and managed by taking into account the elements of social, cultural, institutional and policy in Langkawi, ensuring that those elements of sustainability are integrated, and ensuring that monitoring and evaluation are carried out. Assessment of stock and flows feasibility in Langkawi has been carried out and integration as well as M&E measures have been recommended as in table below:

Sustainability Science Framework Application for Langkawi Geopark

Specific recommendations have also been put forward by local communities, which include:

• Initiating and/or intensifying programme on water resources in Langkawi, including education on water resources, Water Appreciation day
• Increasing involvement in social and cultural activities in Langkawi
• Awareness raising activities on environment
• Improving coordination among stakeholders and synergy among planning documents
• Improving management of water resources and environment, including flood run-off, sewage treatment, mangrove restoration
• Monitoring and evaluation of water resources and environment, including law enforcement, banning of plastic bag, banning of polystyrene, and monitoring by UNESCO
• Strengthening efforts to preserve or sustain water resources in Langkawi, including well water hydrogeology, new dam and reservoir, alternative water resources, volunteering program, increased monitoring.
• Strengthening efforts to preserve or sustain the environment in Langkawi, including awareness program, days “without plastic”, recycling, car-pooling, replanting trees